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Aristoxenus of Tarentum - a study on the work Elementa Harmonica
Langhammerová, Gabriela ; Hladký, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Šíma, Antonín (referee) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with an Ancient Greek work Elementa Harmonica (Harmonic Elements) written by Aristoxenus of Tarentum and to the same extent with the contexts of the creation of this work. Elementa is primarily a musical-theoretical work, focused mainly on specific parts of which music, and more specifically, melody, consist. There is a huge and thorough description of particular elements including those who tried to deal with the same matter before Aristoxenus himself. Therefore, Elementa are amongst other a very valuable source of collected knowledge concerning both musical theory, methodology and musical practice provided by Aristoxenus' predecessors. However, Elementa have also an interesting methodological approach, combining mathematical (which means basically Pythagorean) and peripathetical (predominantly Aristotelian) attitudes in a unique synthesis leading to an establishment of a brand new position of musical-theoretical research. This thesis shall provide an analysis of the main constituting branches and its further implications. Key words: Aristoxenus of Tarentum, ancient music theory, Elementa Harmonica, methodology of science, history of science, Pythagorean tradition, peripatos, melody, elements
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"Plant hunting" in the Context of Science, Culture and Mentality in the 19th and Early 20th Century
Kocurek, Jakub ; Hermann, Tomáš (advisor) ; Neustupa, Jiří (referee) ; Stibral, Karel (referee)
This dissertation examines the phenomenon of 'plant-hunting' and 'plant-hunters' characteristic of Victorian and interwar Britain in particular. It defines and situates this phenomenon in time and space, and attempts to explain it. It primarily focuses on the questions of why the phenomenon arose in the given time and place, why and whether it disappeared at all, and whether it was eventually replaced by something and by what. It also examines what the existence of this phenomenon says about people's relationship to plants and the living world as such. The phenomenon is thus viewed through the plants sought by the plant-hunters themselves, and the plants are taken as the key to understanding the phenomenon. The work shows what distinguishes these particular plants from other plants. They are juxtaposed with the results of recent research on phytophilia, as well as with patterns in the more general human perception of the natural world. Furthermore, the work attempts to find appropriate functional-typological comprehensions, and places them within a theoretical explanatory framework. The whole phenomenon of plant-hunting is approached in the context of its era and contemporary science, technology, politics, and society.
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Introduction
Šimůnek, Michal V.
This chapter is an introductory study of the whole Volume. It provides an overview of the recent production concerning the role of science in the WW2 and sumarizes the possible levels of comparison.
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Jiřina Popelová and Modern Czech Comeniologica Studies
Hajíček, Jakub ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Koťa, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jiroušek, Bohumil (referee)
Jakub Hajíček The abstract of dissertation thesis Jirina Popelova and Modern Czech Comeniological Studies This dissertation thesis describes the history of Czech and English comeniological studies i.e. the interdisciplinary studies of life, works and legacy of Jan Amos Komensky. The thesis starts with the real beginning of the studies in the 18th century and depicts the history until the Second World War. There is a specific focus on the second half of the 20th century in which the gradual transition to modern comeniological studies takes place - in previous researches Komensky was understood as a great teacher and also as an author of language textbooks. On the other hand, modern comeniological studies interpret him primarily as an original philosopher and theologian whose pedagogical thinking arises from philosophy. Czech-Slovak perspective is consistently applied, and different accents, approaches and also the value of Czech and Slovak comeniological studies are shown in an interesting way. The emphasis is also put on important personalities who were working in the field of comeniological studies e.g. Ján Kvačala, the founder of comeniological studies as a scientific discipline, Josef Hendrich, the most important Czech researcher of the first half of the 20th century, or also on selected personalities...
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Science of Science in Poland and Czechoslovakia 1962-1989
Kůželová, Michaela ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee) ; Franc, Martin (referee)
This dissertation deals with the Czechoslovak and Polish community of "scientists of science" (mainly historians, philosophers, and methodologists of science) from 1962 to 1989. It focuses not only on the inner evolution of this community (scientists, their works, scientific institutions etc.), but it also examines how was this community formed by the tradition of scientific thought on the one hand, and by the contemporary political and ideological context (Soviet influences, Marxism-Leninism, monopoly of the communist party) on the other. It focuses also on the ability of the scientific community to accept or reflect influences from the Western Europe or United States - which means from the so-called "capitalist countries". Two spheres are analysed to clarify dispositions of Polish and Czechoslovak "scientists of science" to foreign transfers: first, scientists' possibilities to travel to Western countries (research stays, participations at congresses etc.), and second, accessibility to foreign (mainly Western) scientific literature. Functioning of Western concepts in the community of Polish and Czechoslovak "scientists of science" is illustrated by an example of the reception of Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions from 1962. This dissertation shows that the role of scientific...
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Scientific Work of A. V. Florovsky in Prague
Dopitová, Nikola ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Jančárková, Julie (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to present the academic findings of a Russian historian - emigrant Antonij Vasiljevic Florovsky who lived and worked in Prague in the second half of his life. The focus is the analysis of his writings, especially the topic of Czech- Russian relations. The first chapter introduces his life before emigrating, followed by his time in Czechoslovakia. The second chapter focuses on the writings of this eminent historian, with the introduction of his work followed by three analyses of selected pieces concerning Czech- Russian relations. Keywords: Russian emigration, Russian historians, history of science, A. V. Florovsky, Czech-Russian relations
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Instrumentality of knowledge: instrumentalism in philosophy of scienc
Cvek, Boris ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
Richard Rorty's main thesis in his work Philosphy and the Mirror of Nature centers on a critique of representationalism in a fundamentally relativistic way. The aim of this disseration is to grasp Rorty's ideas in broader sense as a critique of inadequate interpretation of knowing- that and shift the attention to knowing-how as a key to new understanding the success of natural sciences. The fact that something is reproducibly possible for us to make in the surrounding world is not relative, and it is precisely in this way that technology (knowing- how) spreads so successfully even at multi-cultural level. In contrast, the explanatory function (knowing-that) of the natural sciences is relative, making sense only in the context of what is already known and accepted. Natural sciences are so successful because their experiments and only then take agreement of hypothesis with experimental practice (knowing-how) as the criterion of its acceptability. This dissertation offers, as a way out of Rortian relativism, the concept of "open authority" and proposes a new development in philosophic pragmatism based on it.
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